Daily vinegar ingestion improves depression scores and alters the metabolome in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial
Stampfer et al, 1992)
BMI body mass index, FBS fasting blood sugar, IRI immunoreactive insulin, HBA1c, hemoglobin A1c, HDL cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NEFA non-esterified fatty acid, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT -glutamyl transpeptidase, CAP controlled attenuation parameter, LSM liver stiffness measurement Honda et al
Historically, anti-obesity drugs have shown a lot of negative side effects and only moderate efficacy
Ongoing work continues to investigate its mechanisms, delivery optimisation, and potential applications across sleep science, neuroendocrinology, and stress-related research.